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Columbia International Affairs Online (CIAO)

To search CIAO
Type the search word or phrase in the search box provided. Multiple words that should appear in the same document must be entered in separate boxes and combined using the Boolean operator "and". The operator "or" is used to broaden a search.
Note: Phrases entered are searched in their entirety.

Example 1: Clinton (enter in first box)
And(operator)
Foreign policy (enter in second box)
Documents containing both of these terms anywhere in the text are retrieved.

Example 2: Foreign relations
Or (operator)
Foreign policy
Documents containing either of these terms anywhere in the text are retrieved.

Example 3: Clinton's foreign policy (if entered as a phrase in the search box, the search engine looks for the exact match in a document)

Searches are ranked by the number of times the search terms appear in the text of a document.

Wildcard
Use an asterisk (*) to retrieve variants of a word.
Example: Euro* will retrieve Euro, Europe, European, Europeans

Advanced Search
The advanced search screen allows the user to restrict the search by date, author, subject, institution, or content area.